Abstract

This study examines the economics of organic farming, emphasizing its importance in light of the growing demand from consumers for organic goods and the harm that conventional agrochemical-based agriculture causes to the environment. Although the 1960s green revolution increased agricultural yields, the overuse of synthetic inputs raised questions about environmental sustainability and public health. The demand for organic and non-GMO products is rising by 16% annually, according to recent trends, which is pushing farmers to use more environmentally friendly methods. The ability of organic farming to maintain global food security is still problematic, though, especially in heavily populated areas like South Asia. This study explores the trade-offs between sustainability and yield, finding that although organic farming may result in lower crop yields, its advantages—such as improved biodiversity and soil health—can contribute to long-term agricultural sustainability. The results advance our understanding of the ecological benefits and economic feasibility of organic farming.

Keywords: Sustainable farming, Agriculture economics, Organic food market, Green revolution and Agrochemical impact